According to Heinemann-Grüder, this represents a form of psychological warfare aimed at sowing uncertainty and testing NATO’s cohesion. The Arctic, he argues, is no longer a peripheral region but has become a central arena of geopolitical rivalry, where deterrence, resilience, and unified political action are key.
The Center for Advanced Security, Strategic and Integration Studies (CASSIS) underscores the need for a coherent European response. Only through strategic communication, collective security policy, and regional cooperation can further escalation in the High North be prevented.