To combat the Russian shadow fleet, European countries have been boarding and inspecting ships with questionable flag status, which are used by Russia to circumvent sanctions. The European Union’s latest package of sanctions expanded the powers to deal with ships in the shadow fleet and also allows for the sale of confiscated cargo. During a visit to a missile cruiser, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would respond with reciprocal measures to European actions against the "shadow fleet." Putin accused the West of piracy and looting, echoing statements previously made by former President Dmitry Medvedev, who had also threatened to attack ships transporting aid shipments to adversaries.
Brake told the B.Z. that the threats should be taken seriously. Threats to maritime trade have direct security implications for Europe. Even minor incidents can trigger economic disruptions, for example, if insurance costs rise or alternative routes must be taken. The Association of German Shipowners (VDR) also warns that civilian ships and crews may not become tools of political and military pressure.