In addition to a brief introduction to space as a critical and strategically relevant dimension, the experts discuss the security and defense policy implications of modern space systems and address Russia's role as a space actor. The war in Ukraine is classified as a turning point in the sense of a “first two-sided space war” before conclusions are drawn for future European action in space.
The article is part of the anthology "Space Security. Extending European Defense into Space," edited by Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kreft, Andreas Dripke, and Jochen M. Richter. It includes forewords by Andrius Kubilius (European Commissioner for Defense and Space), Rabea Rogge (first German female astronaut in space), and Dr. Josef Aschbacher (Director General of ESA), among others.